Nowadays all-electric vehicles used Lithium-Ion batteries, in which Lithium oxide is layered with other metal oxides into a cathode, and an anode made up of some sort of carbon is divided by an electrolyte composed of lithium salt and an organic solvent. There are various types of Lithium-Ion batteries out there and each has different kinds of characteristics. Normally vehicle manufacturers are concentrated variants that have good longevity. Lithium-Ion batteries are very energy-dense, with the industry-standard being 250 Whr/kg, which make them very effective for Electric Vehicle.
Compared to other battery technologies, Lithium-Ion provides many advantages. For its energy density and excellent specific energy(140 Wh/kg) making it a perfect battery for the electric vehicles. Also, it is good in retaining energy, with a self-discharge rate (5% per month) that an order of magnitude lower than Ni-MH(Nickel-metal hydride battery) batteries. There are some disadvantages to such advantages of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-Ion batteries technology is very expensive, also it has major safety concerns regarding the overcharging and overheating of these batteries. The lithium battery can experience thermal runaway, which can start vehicle fires or explosions. The common reason for lithium-Ion battery fire or explosion is overcharging. For that obvious reason, the manufacturers go to great lengths to ensure that the vehicles charging system never allows this situation to happen. When it comes to overheating, these batteries don't like to be overheated, so a good electric vehicle will have a carefully designed thermal management system to ensure that the battery in a suitable temperature. If these batteries are controlled with regards to overcharging and overheating control then it can be used for many years. Electric vehicles Battery has become a substantial part of the automotive trade because of its excellent specific energy and low self-discharge rate, it appears that variants of Li-ion batteries are now the dominant type that's currently utilized in Battery Electric Vehicle.simultaneously, lead-acid and Nickel-metal hydride batteries no longer appear to be appropriate for the use.
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